Furman-retsenzia-na-Vasilieva-1

KPHTHKA H BHBJIHOrPAOHH 179

IIpaBHJitHo pacKpbiBaH cymnocTb rocyAapcxBeHHoro chhto h ero poJifc KaK o$h-
jc(,Hai[bHofi HfleoJiorHH flOBoenHofi HnoHiiii, aBxop HeAooij,eHHBaeT SHaneHHe, Koxopoe

KOHCepBaTHBHUe CHJIbI CTpaHH B HaUlH AHH npHAaiOT BOSpOJKfleHMH) 3T0fi HAeoJiorMH.

HeJibSH, HanpHMep, corjiacHTtcH c yxBep/KfleHHHMH o tom, hto «bpgmh nnoHCKoro
Han,H0HaJiH3Ma H Kyjitxa HMnepaxopa yinJio b npoiujioe», hto «coBpeMeHHaH HnoHHH. . .
y>Ke He HyjKflaexcH j^jir ynpoHeHHH CBoero aBxopiiTeTa b MHpe b Jiosynrax npoinJioio»
(c. 340). ®aKTM CBHAeTeJibCTByioT, hto 3to AaJieKo He xaK.

IIosBoiEHM ce6e cflejiaTt eme HecKOJifcKo ^acTHtJX saMenanHfi no riraBe o HnoHim,
HenpaBORiepHO othochtb «nepBHe marn u,HBHJiH3auHH ropoflCKoro Tiina» k py6e>Ky
Hamefi apu, a tgm Gojiee conocTaBjiHTt 3tot npou.ecc no BpeMGHH c BOSHHKHOBGHHeM
pasBHToro seMJieAGJifcHecKoro HeoJiHTa (c. 325). yKasaHHHe hb^eghmh OTfleJieHti Apyr
OT Apyra no MeHtineH Mepe HecKoJitKHMH cTOJieTHHMH, a o BOSHHKHOBeHHH h^hbhjih-
3an,HH ropoACKoro THna b Hhohmh mojkho roBopHTb, Aa h to c Gojibmofi naTHH^Kofi,

JIHint HaHHHaH C VIII B. H. 3. CHHTaS B CHHTOHCTCKOM CBHTHJIHme — OTHIOAb HG TB-

jiHCMaH (c. 327), a oCteKT KyjibTa, npeAMGT, BonjiomaiomHfi b ce6e 6o>KecTBO, TaK
HastiBaeMaH «6o>KecTBeHHaH cy6cTaHHHH». Hii b chhtohctckhx CBHTHJmmax, hh b ao-
MamHHX aiETapHX chhto hgt H3o6pa>KeHiiH AMaTspacy (c. 339) hjih KaKoro-JinCo Apy-
roro 6o>KecTBa, xeivi Soiree hto no chhtohctckmm npeACTaBJieHHHM CojKeCTBa hbjihiotch

HeBHAHMBIMH. Pe^h MOKGT HATH JlHUIt O XaGjIHHKaX C HMBHaMH fioJKGCTB, yCTaHaBJIMBae-

MMx B AOMauiHHx ajiTapHx. HaKonen,, TpyAHO noJiHOCTtio coriEacHTbCH c yTBep>KAe-
HHGM o TOM, HTO «CoKa raKKaft — 3T0 CBoero poAa chmbo.ti pejiHrnosHtix aopM h pcJiH-
THOSHO-KyJIbTypHMX TpaAHn,Hfi B COBpeMeHHOfi HnOHHH» (c. 342). ByAyHH CaMOH bjihh-
xejibHoii cpeAH hobmx peJiHrnfi Hhohmh, CoKa raKKaii b to jKe BpeMH OTpaji^aeT AaJieKO
He Bce CTopoHH noAXOAa coBpeMeHHoro Hnonna k peiEHrHH, a HeKOTopue ee nepxtj^
B HacTHocTH HeTepnHMOCTb K ApyrMAi pejiiirH03Hi.iM HanpaBJieHHHM H iDKOJiaM, Haxo-

AHTCH B HBHOM npOTHBOpeHHH C HnOHCKOH peJIHrHOSHOH xpaAHUHefi. B 3TOH CBflSH

cJieAyer TaK>Ke OTMeTHTb, hto hobbig pe~THriin yxoAHT cbohmh kophhmh b chhto
B TOH >Ke Mepe, hto h b cTapug hhohckhh 6yAAH3M, a othfjab He pe/Ke (c. 341).

Saftana, CTOHBuiaH nepeA JI. C. BaciiJibeBbiM, Stijia oneHb TpyAHa, h hohhtho,.
HTO Bce MHorooGpasHe 4>opM peiEnrHOSHon >kh3hh BocTOKa ne Morjio GbiTb 0TpaH;eHO
B OAHofi KHHre HcnepiiMBaiome hojiho. B to me BpeMH gahhctbo BsrjiHAa na npeAMeT
no3Boi[Hi[o aBTopy b SaKJHonenHH onpeAeJiHTb Tpn KyjibTypnMXKpyra, KaatAMfi Jis ko-
TopHx oCjiaAaeT coScTBeHHOH cnemi^'^^^^on; pejiHrnosHBie chctgmh apaSo-HCjiaMCKofi,.
HHAo-SyAAHHCKofi H KHTaficKo-KOH^'yu.HaHCKofi i;HBHJiH3an.Hfi c Hx ynopoM cootbgtct-
BeHHO Ha AecnoTHHecKoe BcecHjrne AjiJiaxa h BtrpasHxejiefi ero bojih, na ocBnmeHHoe
KacTOBOCTbH) HepaBeHCTBO npH KpafineM MHorooSpasHH $opM pe:iiHrH03Horo noBeAe-
HHH B Hhahh h Ha GiopoKpaTJiHecKH opraHHsyeMyH), HopMnpyiomyio Bce acneKXBi
JKH3HH 3THKy KOH$yn,HaHCTBa. Abtop CHHTaeT, HTO KajKAaH H3 TpaAHH,HH no-CBoeMy
racHJia 3KOHOMHHecKyio aKTHBHOCTb HHAHBHAa H oCecneHHBaiEa roMeocTasnc apxariH-
HHX o6mecTBeHHMx HopM. OAHaKo OH HG oTMCTHJi HajiHHHe 3JieMeHTOB «npoTecTaHT-

CKOfi 3THKH» B KOH^yH-HaHCTBe , KOTOpue HpHG BCerO npOHBHJIHCb B HnOHHH eme AO BOC-

npHHTHH eio eBponencKOH TexHOJiornn h KOToptie cnocoCcTBOBaiEH saHHTHio KHTafi-

CKHMH 3MHrpaHTaMH KJIIOHeBMX 3KOHOMHHeCKHX noSHI^IlH npaKTHHeCKH BO BCGX CTpaHaX

H3ro-BocTOHHOH Ashh.

B i;ejioM >Ke mo>kho CKasaTb, hto aBTopy yAajiocb noKasaTb h poJib pe.THrnoaHbix
TpaAHq,HH B noAAepHvaniiH MaJio HSMenHBUieficH con,HajrbHOH CTpyKTypm CTpan Boc-
TOKa AO Hanajia KOHTaKTOB c KanHTajiHCTHHecKiiM SanaAOM, h to, KaKfiasnpyiomaflcH na
pejinrHH TpaAHi^nn npHcnocaCiEHBaeTCH b Hamii ahh k CMCxpo MeHHiomeficH noJiHTune-

CKOH H 3KOHOMHHeCKOH CHTyan,HH. B 3TOM CJieAyeT BHAGTb OCHOBHOe A^CTOHHCTBO CO-

nep>KaTeJibHOH, ri[y6oKofi h BMecTe c tbm AOCTynnoS ajih noHHMaHHH Aa/Ke HenoAro-
TOBjieHHoro HHTaTejiH KHHrn JI. C. BacHJibeBa.

C. A. APyXIOHOB, r. E. CBKTJIOli

« « ^

Knnra JI. C. BacHJibeBa — pesyJibTaT MHOroJieTnero htckhh Kypca JieKn.nfi no
HCTopHH peJiBrHH BocTOKa, H ee ocHOBHoe npeAHasHaneHHe — SuTb yHeSHMM BysoB-
CKHM nocoGiieM j\^h cTyAeHTOB-BOCTOKOBeAOB. DosTOMy n oneHHsaTb 3Ty KHHry Hy>KHu
npe)KAe Bcero c tohkh spennn ee cootbctctbhr 3thm $yHKn,HHM.

12*

180 KPHTHKA H EHEJIHOFPAOHH

y^eSnoe nocoSHe npHSBano flaTb MHKCHMyM cBefleHHH, ho He 6hnh npH 3T0m cyxHM
uepe^HCM (|)aKTOB: TaKHecBefleH0fl ne sanoMHHTCH CTyfleHTaM. UBJiomenne flo;i>KHO Shtl
HPK0M, BosfleficTByion^HM Ha BOoSpaJKeHHe. B stom OTHomeHHH KHHra, na nam BsrjiHA,
oHenb yfla^Ha. Abtop CMor b OTHocHTejiBHO HeSojibinoH oSiieM bjiokhtb o^enb ofinmp-
HMH MaTepnaji. Xlpn HTeHHH khhfh nocTOHHHO omymaeuib, hto poflHjiacb ona h3 Kypca
jieKiyiH. Ho y^eSHoe nocofine He TOJibKO HH4)opMHpyeT h ofiy^aer, oho flOJi>KHo eme h
6yAMTb Mticjib, Knura JI. G. BacHjibesa b hojihoh Mepe yflOBJieTBopneT h STOiviy Tpe-
^oBaHHK). He BnaAafl b coBtHOjiorH^ecKHH cxeMaTHSM, asxop flaex npeflCTaBjieHne 06
oSmnx HanpaBJieHHflx peJiHrnosHofi 3bojiiob[hh, saKOHOMepnocTflx pasBHTHH HCTopnHe-
cKux pejiHrHH H cnei^H(J)HKe Kaay^ofi H3 hhx, CBHsanHofi c ocoGeHHocTjiMH Jie>KaiHHx
B HX ocHOBe pasjiH^Hbix KOMnjieKcoB pejiHrnosHbix npeflCTaBjieHHH. Oh noKasbiBaei

TaK>Ke CJIOTKHbie BSaHMOBJIHHHHfl peJiHrHH H 06meCTBa, BOSflefiCTBHe pejiHrHH Ha flpcB-

HHe H cpeflHeBeKOBbie coEtnajibHbie cHcxeMbi, paBHO KaK h na oco6eHHocTH coi^najibHo-
nojiHTH^ecKoro pasBHTHH pasjiH^Hbix CTpaH B name BpeMfl. H 3to fleJiaeT KHnry HHie-
pecHOH H i^eHHOH He TOJibKO B Ka^ecTBe By30BCKoro nocoSafl: noflHHMaeMbie b nefi npo-
fijieMH Ba>KHiii H HHTepecHti fljiK Bcex, KTO npo(J)eccHOHajibHo HjiH Henpo^eccHOHajibHO-
MHTepecyeTCfl Boctokom, h 6o;iee Toro, fljiH Bcex, Koro sanHMaioT npofijieMbi flyxoBHoro
pasBHTHH nejiOBe^ecTBa. Ha neKOToptix h3 3thx Kpynnbix npo6;ieM, nocTasjieHHtix
H ocBemenHbix b paSoTe JI. C. BacHJibeBa, xoTejiocb 611I cneEtnajibHo ocTanaBHTbCH
B ftaHHOH peBteH3HH.

HcxoflHbiH nyHKT pejinrnosHoro pasBHTHH ^ejiOBe^ecTBa coBnaflaeT c hcxojuhhm

nyHKTOM paSBHTHfl ^eJIOBeKa, BOSHHKHOBeHneM «paHHHX $OpM flyXOBHOfi >KH3HHT^

(c. 28). IIojiHaji peKOHCTpyKUHfl nponecca cxaHOBJieHHfl pejinrnn (KaK n noHBjieHHH
'lejioBeKa) — sa^a^a e^Ba jih ne SecKone^Hofi cjio>khocth. Hcho, o^naKo, ^to nepso-
Ha^ajibHbiH, flpeBHenmHH KOMnjieKC pejiHrnosHbix npeflCTaBjieHHH OTHOCHTejibHo eflun,
m6o b BepoBaHHflX flpeBHefimHX napoflOB h napoflOB, HaxoflflmHxcH na panneH CTa^HE
pa3BHTHH H HHKorfla B HCTopH^ecKoe BpeMH He oSmaBmnxcfl MeJKfly co6oh, KaK, na-
npHMcp, aBCTpanHHitH h acKHMOCH, MW HaxoAHM o6n;HH Hafiop 3jieMeHT0B, oSn^yH),

XOTfl, eCTeCTBGHHO, B KaJKflOM CJiy^ae MOAH$HE[0pOBaHHyK) pejiHrH03Hyio CTpyKTypy —
TOXeMHSM H aHHMH3M, MarHK) H $eTHIUH3M (c. 39). PaCKpblTHe BHyxpeHHefi JlOrHKH

STOH CTpyKxypH, B3aHMOo6ycJioBjieHHOCXH ee sjieMenxoB h ee cbhsh c HejioBenecKOH
ncHXHKOH — Ba>KHeHniafl 3aflaHa ^jih noHHJviaHHfl ne tojibko nepBoSbixHoro MHpa, ho
H Bcero nocjie^yiomero peJinrnosHoro pasBHXHH, Koxopoe mo>kho npeflcxaBMxb ce6e
KaK flH$$epeHn;HaE[iiio nepsoHa^ajibHoro Hftpa, Kor^a na nepBbifi njian bhxoaht paa- ■
Hbie sjieMGHXH flaHHoro KOJvinjieKca (c. 40). TaK, y Bcex hphmhxhbhhx h flpeBHHX na-

pOflOB MM HaXOflHM npeflCXaBJieHHfl KaK O BJlHHIOmHX Ha JKH3Hb HejIOBGKa JIBFIHOCTHtlX

cyn^Hocxflx (^yxax npe^KOB, 6orax, j^eMonax h x, n.), xaK h o fleHCxByiomnx b jvinpe
6e3JiHMHbix CHjiax, Born h flyxH, KaK h jiiOflH, oCjiaflaioT 3moi^hhmh h BOJiefi, ohh Moryi
rneBaTbCJi, hx moh^ho yiviojiHXb, ho 6e3JiH'iHbie chjih fleficxByioT ^aBxoMaxH'iecKH)):
HanpHMep, napymeHHe xa6y Bjie^iex 3a co6oh ne rneB 6ora, a «aBTOMaTHHecKyio» Kapy,
noflofino xoMy KaK npannxHe flfla nweex cJieflcxBHeM 6ojie3Hb h cjviepxb (c, 32). TaKoro
pofla CHjibi fieccMbicjieHHo yMOjiflxb — hmh mo>kho jinuib KaK-xo OBjiaflexb, cjinxbcfl

C HHMH, nOfl^HHHBniHCb HM H HOflHHHHB HX Ce6e. 9xa H3Ha^aJIbHaH flBOHCXBGHHOCTL

pejiHmoSHbix npeflCTaBjieHHH b kohc^hom c^exe Beflex k flByM npHHi^HnHajibHo paa-
jTHiHMM nyxHM pejiHrH03Horo pa3BHXHH ^lejioBe^ecTBa.

B eBponeHCKO-6jiH>KHeBocxo^HOM apeaJie Ha nepBbiH njian Bbixoflflx 6orH-jiHiHocx0.
H ecjiH B HOJiHxeHCXHHecKHx CHCxeMax rocnoflcxBo jih^hocxhofo ajiexienxa He mo^kbt
fibixb nojiHbiM (orpaHH^eHHoe MorymecxBo orpaHH^HBaiomnx flpyr flpyra 6oroB HOflpa-
ayMCBaex najiH^ne Kannx-xo Hejin^HocxHbix chji h 3aK0H0B, ynpaBJiHiomax hx mhpom),
TO B HyAaH3Me — nepBofi hcxhhhoh MOHOTencxH^ecKOH pejinrHH — o^hh Bor
«norjiomaeT» Bcex 6oroB h KaK 6hi 3aKJiK)HaeT b ce6e Bce chjili, fleHCxByiomHe b sxom
Mnpe, cxanOBHTCH eflHHcxBeHHWM oSteKxOM pejiHrH03Hbix lyBCxB. Bcjiefl 3a hgkoxo-

ptlMH 3apy6e5KHbIMH HCXOpSKaMH JI. C. BaCHJIbeB CBfl3blBaeX B03HHKH0BeHHe Hy^eE-
CKOrO MOHOTeH3Ma C BJIHHHHeM OXrOJIOCKOB ernneXCKHX >KpeHeCKHX MOHOXeHCTH^eCKHX

cneKyjiHUHH h pe$opMH SxHaxona na rpynnH cgmhxob, jinuiHBniHecfl cBoefi 3eAUiH n
HaxoflHBmnecfl nofl rocnoflCXBOM erHnxHH, a 3axeM cnjioxMBniiiecH BOKpyr B03BecxH-
Bmero «3aK0HH flxBe» xapH3MaxH^ecKoro jinflepa (c. 69 — 70). Ha nam bstjirji, sxa
rHnoxe3a, flonycKaion^aji HCxopa^Hocxb ochobhhx KOHxypoB 6H6.fieHCKofi HcxopHn

KPMTMKA M EHEJIMOrPAOHH Igl

MoHcefl H Hcxofla, AaeT KapTMHy, HanGoJiee npneMJieMyio oAHOBpeMeHHO MCTopn^ecKH
VL con;HOJiorMiiecKH.

MoHOTeH3M JIOrH^eCKH CBHSaH C I^eJIMM KOMflJieKCOM HAeH — COTBOpeHHH MHpa

«H3 Hiraero)) (npH3HaHHe KaKoro 6hi to hm Sbijio aJieMGHTa, coBe^Horo Bory, osna^ajio 6h
orpaHM^GHHe ero BceMorymecTBa) h cooTBeTCTBeHHo KOHi^a MHpa, oSpameHMH Bora
K JiioAHM — B «OTKpoBeHMH», Hepes npopoKOB M o6pameHHH JiioAeM K Bory — b mo-
jtHTBe, HaKOHGLt, njifiH Bora KaK h^hboh HHAHBHAyaJitHofi JIH1H0CTH noApasyMeBaeT
MAeH) BHcniefi i^eHHocTH HHAHBHAyaJifcHoro, Jin^HocTHoro HaiaJia b HejiOBene, coxpa-
HeHMH 3TOH HHAHBHAyajibHocTH 3a rpo6oM H MAeio 3arpo6Horo cyAa.

IIyAaM3M — 3THHiecKafl, He npo3ejiHTHiecKafl pejinrHH, ho oh AaeT HMnyjitc k bos-

HMKHOBeHMK) J\ByX HaA3THH^eCKMX MHpOBblX MOHOTeMCTM^eCKHX pejIHrHM — XpHCTH-

ancTBa m MCJiaMa. HecMoxpH na poACTBO h mho^kgctbo o6mHX MH^oJiorK^ecKMX 3Jie-
MGHTOB, HCJiaM, KaK noKa3biEaeT JI. C. BacHJibeB, — pejinrHH, OKa3biBaK)maH coBep-
lueHHo HHoe coi^HajibHoe h ncHXOJiom^ecKoe BOSAeficTBHe, ^gm xpHCTMancTBo. Ero
ocHoaaTeJib He «pacnHTbiH 6or>>, a oTHOcHTeJibHo ycnemnbifi BOMHCTBeHHMH nojiHTH^e-

CKMH A^^lTeJIb, KOTOpMH MMCJIHTCH KBK nOCJIBAHMH M3 npopOKOB GAMHOrO Bora, B OT-

jiH^me OT npHHi^HnnaJibHo He4>opMaJiH3yeMbix Tpe6oBaHHH, KOToptie npeA'bHBjiHJio

K JIinHOCTH XpMCTHaHCTBO, MarOMGT npGA'bHBJIHJI pHJJ, O^GHb CTpOFHX H $OpMaJIbHbIX

TpeGoBaHHH THna o6H3aTejibHOJ& pMTyaJiH30BaHHofi nHTHKpaxHOH MOJiMTBH, Oh He ro-
BopHJi o «i^apcTBHH He OT MHpa cero», a CTpeMHJicfl yxBepAHTb c^paBeA^MBoe, no ero
MHeHHH), saKOHOAaTeJibCTBo: rpaJKAancKHH h yroJiOBHbiH 3aK0H b HCJiaMe — c$epa
HenocpeACTBeHHO peJiHrH03Hafl, h j\jih HCJiaMa He CBoiicTBeHHa Ta CTenenb pasrpaHH^e-
HHH rocyAapcTBGHHOH M i^epKOBHOH c4)ep, KaKaH xapaKTepna jijih xpHCTHancTBa. Oh-
Jioco^CKO-TeoJiorH^ecKMe Bonpocbi b HCJiaMe 3aHMMaiOT MeHbmee MecTo, leM BonpocM
npaBOBHe, h ecjiH ocHOBHbie pacKOJibi b xpHCTMaHCTBe SbuiH CBH3aHH cTaKMMH npoSjie-
MaMH, KaK 6o>KecTBO HHcyca Xpncxa hjim ncxo>KAeHHe CBHToro Ayxa, to ocHOBHbie pa-

CKOJIH B MCJiaMe — C paSHHMM npeACTaBJieHHHMH O TOM, KRK SaKOHHHM nyTeM JS,0JI7KUa

nepeAaBaXbCfl BepxoBHan nojiHTHKo-pejiHrH03Ha>T BjiacTb — BJiacTb xajm^Ja, Ho caMoe
Bbicmee TpeSoBanne HCJiaMa k jiitihocth — 3to TpeGoBanne 6biTb BcerAa roTOBbiM yMe-
peTb BO HMH HCT^HHOH BepM B BoopyjKeHHOH 6opb6e c ee BparaMH. HcJiaM OAHOBpe-
MeHHO H TepiiMMee xpncTHaHCTBa (hhkbh3hi^hh h Kasnn 3a pa3Hor;iacMH no OTBJie^en-
HbiM SorocJioBCKHM BonpocaM eMy He CBOHCTBeHHbi, H MycyjibMane HHKorAa TaK He
npecJieAOBajiii noKopeHHbix hmm xpHCTMan, KaK xpHCTMane MycyjibMan), m «$aHa-
TH^Hee».

CoBceM HHa^e magt peJiHriiosHoe pa3BHTHe b HHAHHCKO-AaJifcHeBocTOiiHOM apeajie.
EcJiM B 6jiH>KHeBOCTO^HOM peFHOHe Ha nepBbiH njian BHABMraiOTCH Jin^Hbie 6orn, if 3a-
TeM BO3HHKai0T MOHOTeHCTMiiecKHe pejixirHH, TO 3Aecb Ha nepBbiH njian bmxoaht npeA-

CTaBJieHHe O A^HCTBylOmHX B MHpe 6e3JIH^HbIX CMJiaX. B MHAyH3Me OiJjOpMJIHeTCH HA^H

o BpaxMaHe — eAHHofi, He jih'ihocthoh cyScTaHi^HH aToro MHpa, aScojiioTe. KaK h

B MOHOTeMCTH^ieCKMX peJIHrMflX, MHp B MHAyH3Me HeCymHOCTeH, HO He nOTOMy, HTO OH

coTBopen «H3 HHHero), a noTOMy, mo oh ecTb npoflBJieniie BpaxMana, He iiMemmero
c HHM HH^ero oCmero. Oh — hjijih)3hh, magh, coxpaHHiomaflCH m b B03HHKmeM H3

HHAyM3Ma 6yAAH3Me. H KaK MOHOTeH3M JIOrH^eCKH CBH3aH C I^eJIblM KOMHJieKCOM pejiH-

rH03Hbix MAeH, TaK M npH3HaHHe 6e3JiHiHocTHoro a6coJiK)Ta, KaK 3to noKa3aHo-
JI. C. BacHJibeBbiM, HMeeT pnA co6cTBeHHbix jiorniecKHx cjibactbhh. Bor MojKeT cotbo-
pHTb MHp BOJieBbiM aKTOM, 6e3JiH^HbiH a6cojiH)T iipeAHOJiaraeT Be^HocTb MHpa. He BOJiea
Bora, HO TanHCTBeHHOH «nyjibcai^HeH» aScoJiiOTa MHpbi bhobe m bhobb B03HHKaiOT h
HC^e3aK)T. JiHHHbiH Bor KaK 6bi noApa3yMeBaeT i^eHHOCTb jia^iHocTHoro na^iajia b ^gjio-
BBKe. HanpoTHB, ecjiii b ochobg MHpa jib^kht oe3JiHiHoe na^ajio, to TaKoe JKe na^ajio

HaXOAHTCH H B OCHOBG ^eJIOBGKa. Jln^HOCTb — 3T0 KaK 6h o6oJIO^Ka, BGpXHHH HJiaCT
(6yAAM3M rOBOpHT 06 HJIJII030pH0CTH JIHIHOCTH BOo6mG), Ha AHG >KG, B TJiyGHHG — 6g3-

flH^HOG Ha^aJio AxMaH, to^kagctbghhog BpaxMany. Hhkto hg cyAMT ^GJiOBGKa 3a Gro

rpeXH, H AyXOBHafl nOTpGSHOCTb ^GJIOBGKa yCTanOBHTb CBfl3b aTH^GCKOrO H KOCMHTIG-
CKOrO MMponopflAKOB naXOAHT BbipaHtGHHG B HHAyH3MG H 6yAAH3Me B HAGG KapMH —

«MexaHinGCKH» AeficTByromGro 3aK0Ha, no KOTopoMy Ayma nejiOBeKa nocjie cmgpth hg-

peCeJIflGTCH B APyrHG TGJia H to, KaKOG 3TO 6yAGT TGJIO (cKaJKGM, npeACTaBHTGJIfl BblCmGH
KaCTbl HJIH ^GpBHKa), OnpGAGJIHGTCH nOBGAGHHGM ^GJIOBGKa. Ho 3Ta nGpGCGJIHIOmaHCH

Hyma — hg'ito hhog, hgm Ayma ^gjiobghb b mohotghcthigckmx peJiMrHHX, m6o ^gjiobgk

182 KPHTHKA H BHBJIHOrPAOHH

He coxpaHHex naMKTH o npen^HHx pojkaghhhx, 3to ne jin^Hocxb, a HeKan GeccosHaxejit-
Haa noxeHii,iTH jihhhocth. Ho BHcmaH u.ejit MH^yiicxa h 6yAflHcxa — He xopomee nepe-
poJKA^HHe, He Be^Hoe coxpanenHe CBoero HH^iiBHsyajibHoro na^ajia, a, HanpoxHB^
jiUKBHAacHK 3xoro Ha^ajia, npeKpameniie nenii nepepojKAGHHH. AcKesoii h norpyjKe-
HHeM B rjiySiiHLi cBoero «k» ^ejiOBeK MOKex jxocTVi^h cjthhhhk c aScojiioxoM h xeM caMtiji
BtiHXH H3 Kpyra nepepo>K;teHHH. KaK 6e3JiH^HBifi a6cojiK)x npHHu.HnHaJibHo oxjiiraen
ox jiH^ffloro Bora, xaK h BBicmaa i^eJit b 6yOTH3Me n HH;^yH3Me npHHi^nnnaJibHO oxjm^na
ox Bticmeii n,ejin xpucxnaHCTBa iiJin iicJiaaia: He Be^Hoe coxpanenHe «fl», «Be^iHafl
/KH3Ht», a, HanpoxiiB, EcieSHOBeHHe «k».

Hhoh, ho xaKJKe 6e3JiHHH0CTHtiH BapnaHx Hpe/tcxaBJienHH 06 aScojiioTe b KHxafi-
CKOM KOH$yH,HaHcxBe. 3;i;ecb MiipoM npaBHX Be^Hoe He6o, Bhicxynaiomee KaK bhcuihh
peryjiHxop KOCMHiecKHX h coi^najibHtix npoii,eccoB. O^tnaKO Hefio — axo ne «cyH;HocxL»
MHpa H HeJioBeKa, KaK BpaxMan. BpaxMan — xo, hto naxoAwxcH «3a» MiipoM, «b rjiy-
6HHe» MHpa H AyiuH- He6o — «Ha;i;» MHpoM h ^eJiOBeKOM. Kon^yHHancxBO ne HAieex
pa3pa6oxaHHOH /tOKxpnHti He6a, KaK h pa3pa6oxaHHoro y^enHH o Jtyme. U,eHxp xhjkg-
cxH 3Hecb — B y^eHHH o npaBHJibHOH, pa3yMH0H opraHH3ai;iin rocy;tapcTBa h oCin,e-
cxBa, oxcxynjieHHe ox Koxopofi — HapymeHne He xojibKO coii,HajibHoro, ho h kocmhig-
CKoro, HpHpoAHoro paBHOBecHH, oGmero 3aK0Ha IIe6a, n xaKoe oxcTyHjiemie aBXCMa-
TH^ecKH KapaexcK pa3Horo po;^a o6mecTBeHHbiMn 6e;i;cTBHHMH.

B HcxopHH Bocxo^Hbix pejiHrHH, KaK ona noKa3aHa b KHnre JI. C. BacHJibeBa, mm

HOCXOKHHO BH/tHM, ^XO yCHJieHHOe HpOBe/teHHe KaKOH-XO 0;tHOH peJIHrn03H0H MblCJIH,

«^pe3MepHoe» pa3BHTHe Kanoro-xo o^noro h3 ajieMenxoB HepBona^ajibHoro peJiHrnos-
Horo KOMHJieKca BJie^ex 3a co6oh HacxniHbie <tKOMneHcai^HH»: HCHxojiorHiecKHe^ no-
xpeGnocTH, Koxoptie jtOKxpHHa ne yflOBJiexBopnex, Haxo7i;Kx Bce me «oKOJibHbie» nyrn
CBoero BtipaHxeHHK h y;tOBjiexBopeHHH. TaK, HepBona^aJibHtiH HCJiaM ne 3Haji acKe-

TH3Ma H HAGH MHCTHHeCKOrO CJIHHHHH C BoFOM, HO 3aTeM B03HHKaJIH Cy$IIHCKHe MOHa-

mecKHe op;^eHa, npn^eM b cy$HHCKOM MHCTHHH3Me ox^exjiHBO npocjiejKHBaexcH tgh-
fleHE|,HH K uojiMeue jihihofo Bora 6e3JiH^HbiM ACcojiigtom, cJinxbcn c KOXopuM b 3Kcxa3e
cxpeMHXCH cy$HH. Cxpo/KaHHiEH M0H0xen3M HCJTaMa «cMHr^aeTCK», KaK H B xpHcxnaH-
cxBe, KyjibxoM cbhthx (c. 146 — 149).

B HH;^yH3Me coBepmeHHo hhoh HepBOHa^ajibHbiii h i^eHxpajibHWH KOMHJieKc pejiir-
rH03Hbix HAen, nna^e KOMnencHpyexcH h ero orpaHH^eHHOcxb. V^enne o BpaxMane n
AxMane ne mofjio Gbixb peJiHrneii mnpoKEX Mace. IlHAHHn,aM, ne H^HByn^HAi b HHxejiJie-
KxyajiH3HpoBaHHOM MHpe pejiHrno3HOH mbicjih, HeGpaxManaM, nyJKHo CtiJio KOMy-xo

MOJIHXbCH, npHHOCHXb /KepXBM, HyjKHbl 6bIJIH 3aCXyHHHKH. n03T0My, XOXH KIHpOKHe

Maccti HHA;EHn,eB neCpaxMancKHx Kacx BepnJiH 6paxMaHaM, ohh ^acxo ne 3HajiH 6pax-
MancKOH npeMyApocTE (HH3mEM KacxaM 6hjio ji^Sime 3aHpemeHO ^nxaxb CBHmeHHHe
khefh) h yKEJiH coBceM B HHOM MHpe — MHpe HojiHTeH3Ma, coxpaHHiomero BecbMa ap-
xaEHecKEe TiepTti (c. 214 — 215).

EcJiH B EHAyH3Me «KOMHeHcaH,EH» 6e3JiH^Horo xapaKxepa pejiHrH03Horo yqeHiiA
coBepinaexcH 3a c^ex coxpaneHHa jih^hocxhoxo h HOJiHxeHCXHHecKoro naiaJia na he3ujiix

ypOBHflX pejIHrH03HOH CHCXCMbl, xo B 6yOTH3Me, EMeK)H^.eM HCXOpEHeCKOrO OCHOBa-

xejiK H He 3HaK)meM Kacx, 3xa KOMnencai^HK Bbicxynaex b BH^e MeTaMop$03, npeBpa-
H^aioHiHX HeKOXopbie Bapnanxti 6yAAH3Ma b cHCxeMbi, OHCHb ne HOxo>KHe na nepBona-
HajibHbiH 6yAAH3M h yAHBHxejibHo HaHOMHHaiomHe xpHCxnancxBO (c. 210 — 212). Ana-

JIOXH^Hbie HpOH,eCCbI UpOHCXOAHX H B KOH^ynHancxBe. B HapOAHOM KHXanCKOM, KaK If
B HapOAHOM HHAHECKOM, C03HaHHH rOCHOACXEyeX nOJIHXeE3M, a «CyXOCXb», «npH3eMJIGH-

Hocxb» KOH$yn,HaHCTBa B KaKOH-XO Mepe ypaBHOBenJHBaexcH xeM, ^xo c hhm cocyme-
cxBOBaJiH HHKorAa ne cxanoBEBHiHecH rocnoACXByion^HMH pejiHrHKME, ho saHHBmiie

OHpeAGJIGHHOe MecXO B KHXafiCKOM peJIHrH03H0M CHHKpeXE3Me 6yAAH3M H BO MHOrOM

6jih3khh k HeMy AaocH3M (c. 321).

Pa3JiHHHH BOCxo^HLix pejiHrHH — 3XO, KaK noKa3biBaex Jl. C. BacHjibeB, h pasjiii-
HHH coDiHajibHtix cHcxeM ApeBHHx H cpeAHeBBKOBbix Bocxo^Hbix o6ni.ecxB, hCo AorManr-
HecKH 3aKpenjieHHbie H3HaHajibHHe oco6eHHOCXH pejinrnH aKXHBHo bjihhiox na cocnajib-
Hyio >KH3Hb. TaK, HCJiaM, caKpajiH3yH npaBOByio c$epy, naKJiaAMBaex na CBexcKyio
Bjiacxb mecxKHe ^opMajibHbie orpaHHieHHH, HeMbicJiHMbieBxpHcxHaHcxBe. HanpHMep,
HaJioxH B HCJiaMCKOM TocyAapcxBe — oxHioAfc He 6e3pa3jiHHHafl peJiHrHH Ben^b, ocxae-
JieHHaK na npoH3BGJi cBexcKoit BjiacxH, xaK >Ke KaK h Bonpocti seMJieBJiaAeHHH, yro-

KPHTHKA H BHBJIHOrPAOHfl 183

jioBHoro npaBa h t. fl. Hex «i^apcTBHfl: ne ot Mnpa cero» — hbt h jkbctko oTflejienHoS
OT rocyflapcTBa m npoTHBocTOHmeS eiviy i^epKBM. djieuemu araJiHTapnsMa, npHcymne
MCJiaMy, a TaKH^e sHaHHTejibnafl pojib b rocyflapCTBe MycyjiBMancKHx cyfleii h npaBo-
BBflOB, OTKpfciBaBniaH flopory k bhciuhm aojitkhocthm npoCTHM jitoj^hm^ oBJiafleBnmM
npeAiyflpocTHMH HCJiaMCKoro npaBa, MemajiH o6pa30BaHHH) jkbctkhx, naojinpoBaHHHx
Apyr OT flpyra cocjiobhh. Hflen fl;>KHxa;i;a, CBHmeHHofi bohhm, h n^eaji CMepTH b 6oh)
3a Bepy cnoco6cTBOBajiH BMcoKOMy aHaneHHio apMHH, BoeHHbix b Hc:naMCKHx o6me-
CTBax.

ripHHi^HnHaJiBHo HHaHe B03ji;eHCTByeT na coi^najibHyH) CHCTeMy Him;yH3M c ero pe3-
KHM pa3JiHHHeM pa3Hfcix ypoBHefi BOcnpnflTHfl peJiHrHH, HeMbicjiUMOn b HCJiaMe «3a-
KpHTOCTbK)» peJiHrH03Horo yHGHHH flJiH HapoflHMx Macc, Hfleefi nepepojKfleHHfl n
Bbicmeii i^eHHOCTBio acKe3bi h HHTpoBepxHpoBaHHbix flyxosHbix ycHJinfi, HanpaBJieHHbix

Ha CJIHHHHe C BpaXMaHOM. HH;^ylI3M TeCHefiniHM o6pa30M CBH3aH C KaCTOBOH CHCTeMOfi,

c 6paxMaHaMH KaK Bticmefi KacTOH, 3aHflTbrMH JKepTBonpHHomeHHHMH, pejinrMOSHbiMii
pa3MbimjieHHHMii M acKe30H h nenocpeflCTBeHHO He ynacTByiomnMH b rocyflapcTBBHHOM
ynpaBJieHHM, xaK KaK ohh hb mofjim 6wTb i^apHMM h BOMHaMH. rocyflapcxBeHHafl BJiacxb,
BOHHM M T. n. — oxHioflB He Bbicmafl i^eHHocTb. 3xo — flejio KiuaxpneB, Kacxbi 6oJiee
HH3KOH, HBM 6paxMaHCKafl. B axoM, KaK nojiaraex JI, C. BacujibeB, oflna m3 hphhhh
€:ia6ocTii m HeycxoHHHBOCTH rocyflapcTBeHHbix o6pa30BaHHH b hctophh Hh^hh (c. 235)
npH nopa3HTe:ni>Hoii ycToiiHHBOCTH KacxoBon cHCxeMM,

Hao6opox, KOH^yi^naHCXBo — pejinrHH rocyflapcxBa, HMeBniafl onpe;i;ejieHHBrH
npoeKT oGmecTBBHHO-rocyflapcTBBHHbix oTHomeHHH, npHHeM npoeKx, b 3HaHHTejii>Hoii
Mepe ocymecTBJiBHHbiH b MoflH^rmnpoBaHHOM b cooxBeTCXBHH c KOH^yi^nancKHMH Ka-
HonaMH cxpoe HMnepaxopcKoro Knxafl, rji;e npoH3oniJio noJiHoe cjinflnne KOH^yi^H-
ancKOH peJiHrH03H0H opraHH3ai^HH c rocy/iapcTBeHHHM annapaxoM b eflHHyio HepapxHio

^<^HHOBHHKOB-CBflmeHHHKOB». SflGCb Hex KaCT, HanpOTHB, KOH$yi^HaHCKHH KnTafi —

o6in,ecxBo c Heo6br5afiHofi flJifl cpeflHHx bgkob coi^najibHofi Mo6Hjii>HocxbH) h nopa3H-
xeJibHOH ycxOHHHBocTbH) rocyflapcTBeHHOH CHCxeMbi, HBCMOxpfl Ha Bce noxpflceHHH
BHOBb H BHOBb BoccxaHaBJiHBaioin,eH CBofi cBHmeHHMH cxpoH (c. 280 — 282).

BocxoHHbie o6mecxBa, KaK oxMe^aex JI. C. BacHJibOB, ne cmoxjih cbohm co6cTBeH-
HiiM nyxBM npHHXH K coBpeMeHHOH HayKe, npoMbimjieHHOcxn, 6yp>Kya3HOMy cxpoio,
KaK 9X0 CflejiaJia EBpona, ^xo, OHeBHflHO, CBH3aHO c oco6eHHocxflMH ee xpucxHaHCKofi
fliyxoBHOH xpaflimHH. npo6jieMa MOflepHH3ai4HH, Bbixofla Ha esponeHCKHH ypoBent
pa3BHXHfl Bcxaex nepeji; hhmh b pe3yjibxaxe KojioHH3ai^HH h 6opi>6Bi npoxHs Kojionna-
jiH3Ma (c. 27). Ho xo, KaK coBepmaexcH MofliepHH3ai^HH, b 3HaHHxe:ubHOH Mepe onpejte-
jiHexcfl oco6eHHocxflMH pejiHrnH 9thx oSmecxB.

KaK noKa3biBaeT aBXop, xapaKxepHbie ajjih HH;iyn3Ma n:iH)pajiH3M, cnoco6Hocxb
HHKopnopnpoBaTb flpyrne pe:iiHriiH b cboh) cHCxeMy (naxonfl o6m,HHaM hx npHBepjKen-
i^eB Mecxo B CBoeH KacxoBofi nepapxiin), rjiy6HHa ero pejiHrH03H0H $hjioco$kh, ero
HecBfl3aHHocxb c onpejteJieHHbiM rocyflapcxseHHbiM cxpoeM ^aJin eMy B03Mo>KHocxb
npncnocoSHTbCfl k coBpeMennoMy pa3BHXHH). CeHHac VLbjiuh — cxpana oHeHb bhcokoio

ypOHH peJIHrH03H0CTH H OflHOBpeMeHHO 3HaHHTeJIbHOrO MHpOB033peHHeCKOrO H nOJIHXH-

HecKoro njiH)pajiH3Ma, ycxoHHHBoro napjiaMeHxapH3Ma. Cobcbm hhmm nyxeM nponcxo-
flHX pa3BHXHe y poAcxBeHHbix HapoflaM Hh^hh MycyjibMancKHX HapoflOB IlaKHCxaHa
M BanrjiaAem, tjs,g Boennue nrpaiOT pojit, neMHCJiMMyio b Hhahh, h r^e OAHa BoeHHaa
/^HKxaxypa CMeHflex flpyryio. FpoMaAHafl pojit apMnn xapaKxepna h ^jih flpyrnx My-
cyJibMaHCKiix cxpaH, pasno KaK flJiH Bcex hhx xapaKxepHH pa3JiHHHHe napoflHwe abh-
>KeHHH cojJtTiaJibHoro npoxecxa, aneJiJinpyiomHe k Hc:uaMCKHM HAeaJiaM paseHcxBa
MycyjibMan n coL(.HajibHOH cnpaBefl.xiiBOcxn, n pasjiiiHHbie KOM6HHai^HH ncJiaMCKHX h
coi^najiHCTHHeCKHx ii^eH. llpn 3xom oneHb CBoeo6pa3Hoe pa3BHXHe Hpana nexKo cbh-
3biBaexcfl CO CBoeo6pa3HeM muHxcKoro HanpaBJiennfl b ncJiaMe.

EcJiH HCJiaM c ero npocxoxoM n o6meji;ocTynHOCxbK), $opMaJiH3MOM h HfleflMH coi^h-
ajibHOH cnpaBefl.xHBOcxH, HHKorfla, oflnaKo, ne ocymecxBUBiiinn nojiHoro cjihhhhh pe-
jTHrH03H0H opraHHsai^HH H rocyjtapcxBeHHoro annapaxa, o6Hapy>KHBaex onenb 6oJib-
myio TKHBynecxb h ycxoHHHBOcxb, to naflenne KOH^yi^iiaHCKoro rocyAapcxBa 03HaHaJio
H pacnafl cjihxoh c hhm b e^HHoe i^ejioe h ho cnoco6HOH cymecxBOBaxb caMocxoflxejibHO
KOH$yi^HaHCKofi pejiHrH03HOH opraiiH3ajj,Hii. Ho fla?Ke pacnaBiueecH KOH^yi^HancxBo
OKasbiBajio H oKa3biBaex KOJioccajibHoe BJiHHHue na coBpeMGHHoe pa3BHXHe KnxaH.

184 KPHTHKA H EHBJIIIOrPAOHfl

KoH^yi^naHCTBO npny^HJio KuTaiiita, ^to b o6inecTBe AOJi>KHa rocnoACTBOBaxt H^eo-
jiorHH, cTaBflui,afl Btiuie Bcero na cBeTe cou^HaJibnyio cnpaBeAJiHBOcTt, hto rocyAapcxBo
CBflii;eHHO (rocyAapcTBO b HeKoxopoM pofle He xojibKo rocyAapcxBO, ho h «i^epKOBb))).
H HMeHHO pacnaBuiHCb, ne onasaB conpoTHBJienHH, otkpmb nyxt CBexcKoii coBpeMen-
Hofi HAGOJiorun b caMbie rjiy6iiHH napoAa, oho cnocoCcxBOBajio ee <tK0H$yi;iiaHH3ai^Hii»
(c. 323—324).

FoBOpiIXb O BJIHHHHH peJIHrHH H peJIHrHOSHblX TpaAHIIHH Ha COBpeMGHHblfi BOCTOK

MO/KHO oHGHb MHoro. JI. G. BacHJibeB orpaHHHHBaexcfl Jiiinib HeKOxopbiMH saivie^aHH-
HMH. Ho 3XH saMG^aHHfl SyAHT y ^iixaxejifl ii cxyAenxa HcxopHMecKyio h coi^HOJioraqe-
CKyK) Mbicjib. M 3XO, o^eBHAHO, Cojiee n,eHHO, ^eM ecJiH 6bi oh AaBaji BesAe ^exKHe n
ncHepnbiBaioiAHe BbiBOAti.

B pei^eH3HpyeM0H Kmire, ecxecTBeHHO, ecxb mhofo mgcx, ynsBUMbix aJIh kphthkh.
Hna^e h Cbixb hg mo/Kgx: ^eJioBeK, pHCKHyBUinii HanHcaxb «McTopiiK) pejinrHH BocTOKa»
(Aa/Ke ecJiH 3xo y^eSnoe nocoCiie), caM «HanpafaiiiBaexcH» Ha xo, ^ito cnei^riaJiHcxbi no
oxAejibHbiM pejiHrHHM h cxpanaivi 6yAyx ncKaxb h naxoA^xb y nero MHoro pasHtix ne-
xo^Hbix H cnopntix (J)opMyjmpoBOK. Ho AocxoHHcxBa 3xoh KHHrii sna^iiTejibHO nepe-
BeniHBaiox ee HeAocTaxKH. Ona noMO/Kex iimpoKOMy Kpyry ^iixaxeJieii Jiy^me noHflit
AajieKHe h ^acxo KajKymnecH cxpaHHbiMii mhph bocxo^hlix Kyjibxyp, k KoxopbiM npir-
HaAJie/Kiix Bce yBejiH^iBaiomeecfl Co^^bthhhcxbo coBpeiMeHHoro ^ejiOBeuecxBa.

A. K. a>ypM.\H

HMaTo-MOHoraTapH. Hep. c nn., hccjiga. h kommcht. JI. M, EpMaKOBoii. M., FjiaB,
peA. BOCT jTiix-pbT H3A-Ba «HayKa», 1982, 321 c. («naMflXH!iKn niicbMeiiHocTH Boo-
xoKa», LXX).

HepeBOA naMHxHHKOB HnoHCKofi KJiaccii^ecKofi jiHxepaxypbi, npHHaAJie>Kamiix
3noxe XaflaH (794 — 1192), HMeex AaBHioio xpaAMi^nio b oxe^ecxBennoM HnoHOBeAeHmi.
B 3XO BpeMH 6biJiii saJioH^eHbi ochobh Haij.iioHaJibHoii Jiiixepaxypbi, HCKyccxBa ii MHomx
coi^HOKyjibxypHbix cxepeoxHnoB, npoflBJiflBinnxcH b hdohckom o6n;ecxBe b nocJieAyio-
ume anoxH. KaK cnpaBeAJiHBO niiuiex aBxop, «MMeHHO Xafian na MHorne BeKa onpe^e-
jiHJi MHorne JiiixepaxypHbie araJioHbi, xejieojioniio ochobhmx noaxHHecKiix npneMOB,
cxpofi JiHxepaxypHbix BKycoB, cnenii4)HKy MiipoBiiAeHiifl» (c, 9). B X9HaHCKyio 3noxy
cKJiaAbiBaioxcfl rJiaBHbie n^anpH HnoHCKoii KJiaccn^ecKOH cJiOBecHOCTM; cosAaiOTCfl
HMnepaxopcKHe noaxH^ecKne aHTOJiormi (c nepBoii, «Kokiihcio», oxHOCflmeficH k 905 r.,
xpaAHi^Hfl He npeKpamajiacb ao 1431 r., KorAa Cbijia cocxaBJiena nocjieAHHH, ABaAEt^Ti.
nepsan), o^opMJiflexcH jKanp AHeBHUKOB — hhkkh h sanHcoK — Asyiiximy, noflBJia-
excfl ocoBbiii nposo-noaxKiiecKiiH >KaHp yxa-MOHoraxapH h ciO/KexHbie noBecxBOBaHHH
MOHoraxapH. OCpasi^ti bxitx /KanpoB c toh hjih hhoh cxenenbio nojinoxbi npeAcxaBjieHW
no-pyccKH. TaK, nepBoe no BpeMenir HanncaHHA ms AouieAumx ao nac nponsBeAeHBH
B /Kanpe yxa-MOHoraxapH, «TaK3xopii-MOHoraTapH», nepeBOAHJiocb na pyccKiifi aslik
ABajKAM — A. A. XoJioAOBH^eM b nepBofi nojiOBiine 30-x toaob ^ h B. H. MapKOBofi
na pyCejKe 60-x toaob ^. HepeBOA «Mc3-MOHoraxapn», naHCojiee HSBecxnoro naMflxnuKa
3xoro /Kanpa, CbiJi onyGjiHKOBan H. M. KonpaAOM b 1923 r. h nepensAan b 1981 ^.

Peij.eH3npyeMoe usAanHe coAepnaix KOMMeHTiipoBaHHbifi nepeBOA h nccjieAOBaHne
xpexbero Ba>KHefiraero xeKcxa yTa-MOHoraxapM — «flMaxo-MOHoraxapH». C xpyflaMii
Kopii4)eeB cxapmero noKOJieHiiH coBexcKHX flnoHHCTOB-JiHxepaxypoBeAOB paCoiy
JI.M. EpMaKOBOH oCteAHKHiox ^iiJiojiorii^ecKafl xo^Hocxb h napHAy c 3thm noaxHi-
HocTb pyccKoro nepeBOAa, yivieHHe Bbi6paTb cTHjincxn^ecKHH aKBHBajienx cxapoflnoH-
CKOMy xeKcxy, ne npnCerafl hh k napo^nxoii ycJiO/KHeHHOcxH, hh apxaH^iHocTH. Fjiy-
6HHa me anaJiHsa 4>opMajibHO-xyAO/KecxBeHHbix oco6eHHocxeH naMHXHHKa h EH4>opMa-
xHBHafl HacbimeHHocxb KOMMeHxapneB BbiABHraiox 3xy paCoxy b pflA Jiy^niHx coBpe-
MeHHbix xpyAOB b oGjiacxH KJiaccii^ecKofi hhohckoh ^HJiojiomn.

B HccJieAOBaHHH, npeAnocjiaHHOM nepeBOAy, paccMaxpiiBaioxcfl pasHbie acneKiti
«flMaxo-MOHoraxapH» KaK jiHxepaxypHoro naMflxmiKa. B pasACJie «„HMaTO-MOHo-

* BocTOK. C6. 1. JlHTcpaxypa KHXaa ii flnOHiTn. M., 1935.

2 BojimefiHHe hobccth. M., 1962; flfie cxapHEHLie nnoHCKHe nOBecxH. M., 1976.

^ Hc3-MOHoraTapH. JTupimecKaH noBecTb ;j,peBHeri HnoHHu. Ilr., 1923.